420 Powder

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420 Powder

Product	420 Powder
CAS No.	420-04-2
Appearance	Silvery-Gray Powder
Purity	≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available)
APS	1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range.
Ingredient	Fe-12Cr-0.3C
Density	7.9g/cm3
Molecular Weight	N/A
Product Codes	NCZ-DCY-342/25

420 Description:

420 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.

420 Powder Related Information:

Storage Conditions:

Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature.

Please contact us for customization and price inquiry

Email: contact@nanochemazone.com

Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters.

420 powder

316L is an austenitic stainless steel. The Mo content of 316L gives it excellent corrosion resistance
17-4PH is a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel with high strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.
420 is a martensitic stainless steel with good mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and polishing properties similar to mold steel, while maintaining good corrosion resistance.

Physical properties

Trademark	Size range	Size distribution			Hall flow rate	Bulk density	Tap density
		D10(μm)	D50(μm)	D90(μm)
316L	15-53μm	17-23	30-38	50-58	25s/50g	4.0g/cm³	4.5g/cm³
17-4PH	15-53μm					4.0g/cm³	4.5g/cm³
420	15-53μm					4.0g/cm³	4.5g/cm³

Heat treatment recommendations

Trademark	Heat treatment recommendations
316L	1050℃/2h/WQ
17-4PH	1040°C/2h +480°C/4h
420	1050°C/0.5h/WQ

Mechanical behavior

Trademark	Hardness(HRC)	Tensile strength (σb/Mpa)	Yield strength (σp0.2/Mpa)	Elongation (δ5/%)
316L	13-15	650	550	45
17-4PH	32-42	1310	1175	13
420	48-52	1950	1530	7

Chemical composition range (wt,-%)

Trademark	C	Cr	Ni	Cu	Nb	Mo
316L	≤0.03	16.00-18.00	10.00-14.00	–	–	2.00-3.00
17-4PH	≤0.03	15.5-17.5	3.00-5.00	3.00-5.00	0.15-0.45	–
420	0.35-0.45	12.00-14.00	≤0.6	–	≤0.20	≤0.20
Trademark	Si	Mn	S	P	O	Fe
316L	≤1.00	≤2.00	≤0.03	≤0.045	≤0.08	Bal
17-4PH	≤1.00	≤1.00	≤0.03	≤0.03	≤0.03	Bal
420	≤1.00	≤1.00	≤0.03	≤0.045	≤0.03	Bal

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Category: Iron Based Alloy Powder

Description

Description
Note: For pricing & ordering information, please get in touch with us at sales@nanochemazone.com
Please contact us for quotes on Larger Quantities and customization. E-mail: contact@nanochemazone.com

Customization:
If you are planning to order large quantities for your industrial and academic needs, please note that customization of parameters (such as size, length, purity, functionalities, etc.) is available upon request.

NOTE:
Images, pictures, colors, particle sizes, purity, packing, descriptions, and specifications for the real and actual goods may differ. These are only used on the website for the purposes of reference, advertising, and portrayal. Please contact us via email at sales@nanochemazone.com or by phone at (+1 780 612 4177) if you have any

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17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder

Product	17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder
CAS No.	7439-89-6
Appearance	Grey Powder
Purity	≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available)
APS	1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range.
Ingredient	Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu-Nb
Density	7.75g/cm3
Molecular Weight	N/A
Product Codes	NCZ-DCY-336/25

17-4PH Stainless Steel Description:

17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.

17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder Related Information :

Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder 17-4PH is a precipitation hardening stainless steel powder widely used in additive manufacturing across aerospace, medical, automotive, and general engineering sectors. It offers an excellent combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance, and weldability. Overview of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder 17-4PH is a precipitation hardening stainless steel powder widely used in additive manufacturing across aerospace, medical, automotive, and general engineering sectors. It offers an excellent combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance, and weldability. This article provides a detailed guide to 17-4PH powder covering composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons, pros and cons, and FAQs. Key information is presented in easy-to-reference tables. Composition of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder The composition of 17-4PH powder is:

Element	Weight %	Purpose
Iron	Balance	Principal matrix element
Chromium	15 – 17.5	Oxidation resistance
Copper	3 – 5	Precipitation hardening
Nickel	3 – 5	Austenite stabilizer
Niobium	0.15 – 0.45	Carbide former
Manganese	1 max	Deoxidizer
Silicon	1 max	Deoxidizer
Carbon	0.07 max	Strengthener and carbide former

Properties of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder Key properties of 17-4PH powder include:

Property	Description
High strength	Up to 1310 MPa tensile strength when aged
Hardness	Up to 40 HRC in aged condition
Corrosion resistance	Comparable to 316L stainless in many environments
Toughness	Superior to martensitic stainless steels
Wear resistance	Better than 300 series stainless steels
High temperature stability	Strength maintained up to 300°C

The properties make 17-4PH suitable for diverse applications from aerospace components to injection molds. AM Process Parameters for 17-4PH Powder Typical parameters for printing 17-4PH powder include:

Parameter	Typical value	Purpose
Layer height	20-100 μm	Balance speed and resolution
Laser power	150-400 W	Sufficient melting without evaporation
Scan speed	400-1000 mm/s	Density versus production rate
Hatch spacing	100-200 μm	Density and mechanical properties
Support structure	Minimal	Easy removal
Hot isostatic pressing	1120°C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs	Eliminate porosity

Parameters tailored for density, production rate, properties and post-processing needs. Applications of 3D Printed 17-4PH Parts Additively manufactured 17-4PH components are used in:

Industry	Applications
Aerospace	Structural brackets, fixtures, actuators
Medical	Dental implants, surgical instruments
Automotive	High strength fasteners, gears
Consumer products	Watch cases, sporting equipment
Industrial	End-use metal tooling, jigs, fixtures

Benefits over machined 17-4PH parts include complex geometries, reduced lead time and machining allowances. Specifications of 17-4PH Powder for AM 17-4PH powder must meet strict specifications:

Parameter	Specification
Particle size range	15-45 μm typical
Particle shape	Spherical morphology
Apparent density	> 4 g/cc
Tap density	> 6 g/cc
Hall flow rate	> 23 sec for 50 g
Purity	>99.9%
Oxygen content	<100 ppm

Custom size distributions and controlled moisture levels available. Handling and Storage of 17-4PH Powder As a reactive material, careful 17-4PH powder handling is essential: Store sealed containers away from moisture, acids, ignition sources Use inert gas padding during transfer and storage Ground equipment to dissipate static charges Avoid dust accumulation through extraction and ventilation Follow applicable safety guidelines Proper techniques ensure optimal powder condition. Inspection and Testing of 17-4PH Powder Quality testing methods include:

Method	Parameters Tested
Sieve analysis	Particle size distribution
SEM imaging	Particle morphology
EDX	Chemistry and composition
XRD	Phases present
Pycnometry	Density
Hall flow rate	Powder flowability

Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency. Comparing 17-4PH to Alternative Alloy Powders 17-4PH compares to other alloys as:

Alloy	Strength	Corrosion Resistance	Cost	Printability
17-4PH	Excellent	Good	Medium	Good
316L	Medium	Excellent	Medium	Excellent
IN718	Very High	Good	High	Fair
CoCrMo	Medium	Fair	Medium	Good

With its balanced properties, 17-4PH supersedes alternatives for many high-strength AM applications requiring corrosion resistance. Pros and Cons of 17-4PH Powder for AM

Pros	Cons
High strength-to-weight ratio	Lower oxidation resistance than austenitic stainless steels
Good combination of strength and corrosion resistance	Required post-processing like HIP and heat treatment
Lower cost than exotic alloys	Controlled atmosphere storage needed
Established credentials in AM	Difficult to weld and machine
Properties match wrought material	Susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion

17-4PH enables high-performance printed parts across applications, though not suited for extreme environments. Frequently Asked Questions about 17-4PH Powder Q: What particle size range works best for printing 17-4PH alloy? A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides optimal powder flowability combined with high resolution and dense parts. Q: What post-processing methods are used on 17-4PH AM parts? A: Hot isostatic pressing, solution annealing, aging, and machining are typically used to achieve full densification, relieve stresses, and improve surface finish. Q: Which metal 3D printing process is ideal for 17-4PH alloy? A: Selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) can all effectively process 17-4PH powder. Q: What industries use additively manufactured 17-4PH components? A: Aerospace, medical, automotive, consumer products, industrial tooling, and oil and gas industries benefit from 3D printed 17-4PH parts. Q: Does 17-4PH require support structures during printing? A: Yes, minimal supports are needed on overhangs and bridged sections to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing. Q: What defects can occur when printing 17-4PH powder? A: Potential defects are cracking, porosity, distortion, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters. Q: What hardness is achievable with 17-4PH AM parts? A: Solution-annealed 17-4PH has 25-30 HRC hardness while aging increases it to 35-40 HRC for enhanced wear resistance. Q: What accuracy and surface finish is possible for 17-4PH printed parts? A: Post-processed 17-4PH parts can achieve dimensional tolerances and surface finish comparable to CNC machined components. Q: What is the key difference between 17-4 and 17-4PH grades? A: 17-4PH has tighter chemistry control, lower impurities, and reduced sulfur for better ductility and impact properties compared to basic 17-4 grade. Q: Is HIP required for all 17-4PH AM application? A: While recommended, HIP may not be mandatory for non-critical applications. Heat treatment alone may suffice in some cases.

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17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder

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17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder

Product	17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder
CAS No.	7439-89-6
Appearance	Gray Powder
Purity	≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available)
APS	1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range.
Ingredient	Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu-Nb
Density	7.75g/cm3
Molecular Weight	N/A
Product Codes	NCZ-DCY-347/25

17-4PH Stainless Steel Description:

17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder Related Information :

Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Best 17-4PH stainless steel powder for 3D Printing 17-4PH powder, also known as 17-4 Precipitation Hardening stainless steel powder, is a high-strength, corrosion-resistant material used in various industries. It belongs to the martensitic stainless steel family and offers an excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The “17-4PH” designation refers to the composition of the alloy, which consists of approximately 17% chromium, 4% nickel, 4% copper, and a small amount of other elements. Overview of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder for 3D Printing 17-4PH is a precipitation hardening stainless steel powder widely used for additive manufacturing of high-strength, corrosion-resistant components across aerospace, medical, automotive, and general engineering applications. This article provides a detailed guide to 17-4PH powder for 3D printing. It covers composition, properties, print parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons, pros and cons, and FAQs. Key information is presented in easy-to-reference tables. Composition of 17-4PH Powder 17-4PH is a chromium-copper precipitation hardening stainless steel with a composition of:

Element	Weight %	Purpose
Iron	Balance	Principal matrix element
Chromium	15 – 17.5	Oxidation resistance
Copper	3 – 5	Precipitation hardening
Nickel	3 – 5	Austenite stabilizer
Niobium	0.15 – 0.45	Carbide former
Manganese	1 max	Deoxidizer
Silicon	1 max	Deoxidizer
Carbon	0.07 max	Strengthener and carbide former

The copper provides precipitation hardening while chromium imparts corrosion resistance. Properties of 17-4PH Powder 17-4PH possesses a versatile combination of properties:

Property	Description
High strength	Tensile strength up to 1310 MPa in aged condition
Hardness	Up to 40 HRC when aged
Corrosion resistance	Comparable to 316L stainless in many environments
Toughness	Superior to martensitic stainless steels
Wear resistance	Better than 300 series stainless steels
High temperature stability	Strength maintained up to 300°C

3D Printing Parameters for 17-4PH Powder Typical parameters for printing 17-4PH include:

Parameter	Typical value	Purpose
Layer height	20-100 μm	Balance speed and resolution
Laser power	150-400 W	Sufficient melting without evaporation
Scan speed	400-1000 mm/s	Productivity vs density
Hatch spacing	100-200 μm	Density and properties
Support structure	Minimal	Easy removal
Hot isostatic pressing	1120°C, 100 MPa, 3h	Eliminate porosity

Parameters are optimized for properties, time, and post-processing requirements. Applications of 3D Printed 17-4PH Parts Additively manufactured 17-4PH components are used in:

Industry	Applications
Aerospace	Structural brackets, fixtures, actuators
Medical	Dental implants, surgical instruments
Automotive	High strength fasteners, gears
Consumer	Watch cases, sporting equipment
Industrial	End-use metal tooling, jigs, fixtures

Benefits of AM include complex geometries, customization, reduced lead time and machining. Specifications of 17-4PH Powder for 3D Printing 17-4PH powder must meet strict specifications:

Parameter	Specification
Particle size range	15-45 μm typical
Particle shape	Spherical morphology
Apparent density	> 4 g/cc
Tap density	> 6 g/cc
Hall flow rate	> 23 sec for 50 g
Purity	>99.9%
Oxygen content	<100 ppm

Handling and Storage of 17-4PH Powder As a reactive material, 17-4PH powder requires controlled handling: Store in cool, dry, inert environments away from moisture Prevent oxidation and contamination during handling Use conductive containers grounded to prevent static buildup Avoid dust accumulation to minimize explosion risk Local exhaust ventilation recommended Wear PPE and avoid inhalation Careful storage and handling ensures optimal powder condition. Inspection and Testing of 17-4PH Powder Quality testing methods include:

Method	Parameters Checked
Sieve analysis	Particle size distribution
SEM imaging	Particle morphology
EDX	Chemistry and composition
XRD	Phases present
Pycnometry	Density
Hall flow rate	Powder flowability

Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency. Comparing 17-4PH to Alternative Powders 17-4PH compares to other alloys as:

Alloy	Strength	Corrosion Resistance	Cost	Weldability
17-4PH	Excellent	Good	Medium	Fair
316L	Medium	Excellent	Medium	Excellent
IN718	Good	Good	High	Fair
CoCr	Medium	Fair	Medium	Excellent

With balanced properties, 17-4PH provides the best combination of strength, corrosion resistance, and cost for many applications. Pros and Cons of 17-4PH Powder for 3D Printing

Pros	Cons
High strength-to-weight ratio	Lower oxidation resistance than austenitic stainless steels
Good combination of strength and corrosion resistance	Required post-processing like HIP and heat treatment
Lower cost than exotic alloys	Controlled atmosphere storage needed
Established credentials in AM	Difficult to weld and machine
Comparable properties to wrought material	Susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion

17-4PH enables high-performance printed parts across industries, though not suited for extreme environments. Frequently Asked Questions about 17-4PH Powder for 3D Printing Q: What particle size range works best for printing 17-4PH alloy? A: A range of 15-45 microns provides optimal powder flow while enabling high resolution and density in the printed parts. Q: What post-processing is required after printing with 17-4PH? A: Hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment are usually necessary to eliminate internal voids, relieve stresses, and achieve optimal properties. Q: What material is 17-4PH most comparable to for AM applications? A: It is closest to 316L in corrosion resistance but much stronger. 17-4PH provides the best overall combination for many high-strength applications above 300 series stainless. Q: Does 17-4PH require supports when 3D printing? A: Minimal supports are recommended on overhangs and complex inner channels to prevent deformation during printing and allow easy removal. Q: What industries use additively manufactured 17-4PH components? A: Aerospace, medical, automotive, industrial tooling, and consumer products are the major application areas benefitting from 3D printed 17-4PH parts. Q: What accuracy and finish is achievable with 17-4PH AM parts? A: After post-processing, 17-4PH printed components can achieve dimensional tolerances and surface finish comparable to CNC machined parts. Q: What density can be expected with optimized 17-4PH prints? A: Densities exceeding 99% are routinely achieved with 17-4PH using ideal parameters tailored for the alloy, matching wrought properties. Q: Is 17-4PH compatible with powder bed fusion processes? A: Yes, it can be processed using selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), and electron beam melting (EBM). Q: What defects can occur when printing 17-4PH components? A: Potential defects are cracking, distortion, porosity, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. They can be minimized through optimized print parameters. Q: Can support structures be removed easily from 17-4PH printed parts? A: Properly designed minimal supports are easy to detach given the excellent mechanical properties of the alloy in the aged condition.

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304l Stainless Steel Powder

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304l Stainless Steel Powder

Product	304l Stainless Steel Powder
CAS No.	11143-21-4
Appearance	Metallic Gray or Silver Powder
Purity	≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available)
APS	1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range.
Ingredient	Fe-Cr-Ni
Density	7.9g/cm3
Molecular Weight	N/A
Product Codes	NCZ-DCY-338/25

304l Stainless Steel Description:

304l Stainless Steel Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.

304l Stainless Steel Powder Related Information :

Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. 304l Stainless Steel Powder 304L stainless steel powder is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel powder with low carbon content. It offers excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and weldability, and widely used for powder metallurgy applications. The ‘L’ denotes lower carbon compared to 304 standard grade. The low carbon minimizes carbide precipitation and maximizes corrosion resistance. Powder metallurgy 304L provides a cost-effective alternative to 316L for non-critical applications not needing molybdenum alloying. Overview 304L stainless steel powder is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel powder with low carbon content. It offers excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and weldability, and widely used for powder metallurgy applications. The ‘L’ denotes lower carbon compared to 304 standard grade. The low carbon minimizes carbide precipitation and maximizes corrosion resistance. Powder metallurgy 304L provides a cost-effective alternative to 316L for non-critical applications not needing molybdenum alloying. This article provides an in-depth look at 304L stainless steel powder covering composition, properties, processing, applications, specifications, suppliers, costs, and other technical details. Composition The nominal composition of 304L stainless steel powder is listed below: Table: Typical composition of 304L stainless steel powder

Element	Weight %
Chromium (Cr)	18-20
Nickel (Ni)	8-10.5
Manganese (Mn)	<2
Silicon (Si)	<1
Carbon (C)	<0.03
Sulfur (S)	<0.03
Phosphorus (P)	<0.045
Nitrogen (N)	<0.1
Iron (Fe)	Balance

Chromium and nickel are the main alloying elements. Chromium provides corrosion and oxidation resistance. Nickel enhances ductility, toughness, and weldability. Manganese and silicon increase strength. Carbon is kept very low for optimum corrosion resistance. Sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen are impurities that are minimized. Properties Key properties of 304L stainless steel powder in the annealed condition are provided below: Table: Properties of 304L stainless steel powder

Property	Value
Density	7.9-8.1 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	505-620 MPa
Yield Strength	205-275 MPa
Elongation	≥40%
Hardness	≤92 HRB
Modulus of Elasticity	190-210 GPa
Melting Point	1400-1450°C
Thermal Conductivity	16 W/m-K
Electrical Resistivity	0.072 μΩ-cm

The combination of properties make 304L highly useful for a wide range of applications. The austenitic microstructure provides ductility, toughness, and non-magnetic behavior. 304L has excellent corrosion resistance comparable to 316L stainless steel. By selecting ultra-low carbon powder, carbide precipitation can be avoided to maximize corrosion resistance in critical applications. Strength and hardness can be increased through cold working. Applications Typical applications for 304L stainless steel powder include: Food processing equipment Pharmaceutical tooling Chemical plant components Architectural panels, railings Medical instruments and implants Marine hardware, fittings, fasteners Consumer products, appliances Powder metallurgy mechanical parts 3D printing powders 304L provides cost-effective corrosion resistance versus 316L when molybdenum alloying is not needed for highly corrosive environments. The excellent polishability and non-magnetic properties also suits 304L for architectural cladding and hardware components. Powder metallurgy is commonly used to produce small precision parts from 304L at high volumes versus machining. Additive manufacturing utilizes 304L powder for prototypes, tooling, and end-use components across industries. Powder Manufacturing 304L stainless steel powder is commercially manufactured via gas atomization or water atomization processes. In gas atomization, a high pressure inert gas stream disintegrates the molten metal into fine droplets, producing spherical powders ideal for additive manufacturing and MIM. Particle size distribution is controlled through process parameters. Water atomization uses high pressure water jets to break up the metal stream into fine particles. This generates irregular, satellite particle shapes. The powder requires post-treatment for additive manufacturing. Plasma atomization is sometimes used to produce very spherical, clean powders from a metal plasma stream in a controlled inert atmosphere. This ensures high purity and flowability. Powder Specifications 304L stainless steel powder is commercially available in various size ranges, morphologies, and quality levels. Some typical powder specifications are below: Table: 304L stainless steel powder specifications

Attribute	Details
Particles sizes	15-45 μm, 10-100 μm
Morphology	Spherical, irregular
Apparent density	2.5-4.5 g/cm3
Tap density	4-5 g/cm3
Hall flow rate	<30 s/50g
Purity	>99.5%
Oxygen content	<2000 ppm
Moisture content	<0.2%

Smaller particle sizes below 45 μm are preferred for capturing fine features in additive manufacturing. Spherical particles provide good flowability. Apparent density correlates with powder packing efficiency. High purity, low oxygen, and controlled moisture levels ensure quality sintered properties. Gas atomized powder offers the best specifications for critical applications. Standards and Grades 304L stainless steel powder complies with the following standards: ASTM A240 – Standard for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip ASTM A313 – Standard for stainless steel spring wire ASTM A314 – Standard for stainless steel bent wire AMS 5501 – Stainless steel bars, wire, forgings, tubing with low carbon AMS 5647 – Stainless steel powder, atomized, 304L Equivalent grades include: UNS S30403 Werkstoff No. 1.4306 SUS 304L SS2348 Powder Storage and Handling To prevent contamination and maintain powder properties, 304L stainless steel powder should be stored and handled as follows: Store in sealed containers in a cool, dry environment Use inert gas purging or vacuum to prevent moisture pickup Keep away from sparks, flames, and ignition sources Ground all powder handling and transfer equipment Avoid contact with contaminants like oil, grease, paints, etc. Use PPE – mask, gloves, eye protection when handling powder Powder spills should be promptly cleaned using non-sparking tools and HEPA vacuuming. Powders are moderately sensitive to moisture and air exposure. Proper storage is key. Metal Injection Molding 304L is widely used for metal injection molding of small, complex parts leveraging powder metallurgy. Key considerations include: Feedstock: 60-68% powder loading with multi-component binder system Molding: High shot size, fast injection speed, high holding pressure Debinding: Solvent debinding followed by thermal debinding Sintering: 1350-1400°C in hydrogen or vacuum atmosphere Secondary Operations: Machining, laser marking, passivation, electropolishing MIM service bureaus have established best practices for high-performance 304L parts with as-sintered properties approaching wrought material. Design for AM For additive manufacturing using 304L stainless steel powder, key design guidelines include: Maintain wall thicknesses above 1 mm Use self-supporting geometries with angles above 45° Include drain holes to remove unfused powder Observe build orientation effects on properties Account for 20-25% shrinkage when designing mating parts Include machining allowances of 0.5-1 mm for critical fits Reduce overhangs, bridges, fine details that require supports Quality Control Quality control testing performed on 304L stainless steel powder includes: Chemical analysis – ICP and OES to verify composition Particle size analysis – Laser diffraction particle size analyzer Powder morphology – SEM imaging at high magnifications Apparent density and tap density – Hall flowmeter method Powder flow rate – Hall flowmeter funnel method Loss on ignition – ASTM E sin gravity furnace Moisture analysis – Karl Fischer titration, LECO analysis For sintered MIM parts, testing includes: Dimensional tolerances – CMM inspection Density – Archimedes method Microstructure – Optical microscopy, image analysis Mechanical testing – Hardness, tensile, fatigue, Charpy impact Health and Safety Like most stainless steel powders and parts, 304L poses little health risk with proper handling: Wear PPE when handling powder – mask, gloves, goggles Avoid skin contact to prevent sensitization Use HEPA-filtered vacuum for clean-up of dust and powder Avoid breathing any welding or melting fumes Dispose according to local environmental regulations Ensure adequate ventilation and respiratory protection if grinding or machining sintered parts No special disposal precautions are needed for 304L. With sound procedures, it poses minimal hazard for workers and the environment. FAQ 1.What is the difference between 304 and 304L stainless steel powder? 304L has lower carbon content (<0.03%) than 304 (<0.08%) for better corrosion resistance,especially for welding. 304 is more common. 2.Does 304L powder require a controlled atmosphere? Not necessarily, but storage in sealed containers with inert gas prevents oxidation and contamination. 3.What particle size is best for AM? 15-45 microns is typical for powder bed fusion AM to provide good flow and high resolution. Larger sizes from 45-100 microns are also used. 4.Is 304L used for metal 3D printing? Yes, 304L is widely used for powder bed and directed energy deposition 3D printing to make prototypes, tooling, and end-use parts. 5.What causes powder to oxidize and lose reusability? Exposure to air/moisture causes surface oxidation. Proper sealed storage with desiccant and oxygen absorbers prevents this. 6.Does 304L require solution annealing after laser sintering? Yes, stress relieving at 1050-1150°C and rapid cooling helps restore ductility and toughnessafterthe rapid solidification. 7.What finish can be expected on as-sintered MIM 304L parts? Around Ra 3-6 microns initially. Polishing and etching can achieve under 0.5 micron. Plating also gives a smooth finish. 8.What tolerance can be achieved with 304L MIM parts?±0.1-0.3% is typical but tolerances under ±0.1% are possible for high precision components. 9.Why is 304L preferred over 304 stainless steel? The lower carbon gives 304L better corrosion resistance, especially for weldments, reducing sensitization. It has become the dominant grade. 10.What is the cost premium for 304L vs. 304 powder? Typically 10-30% higher cost for 304L due to the lower carbon composition. Price also depends on quantities ordered.

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310 Powder

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310 Powder

Product	310 Powder
CAS No.	N/A
Appearance	Metallic Gray Powder
Purity	≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available)
APS	1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range.
Ingredient	Fe-25Cr-20Ni
Density	7.7-8.0g/cm3
Molecular Weight	N/A
Product Codes	NCZ-DCY-338/25

310 Description:

310 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.

310 Powder Related Information :

Properties	Details
Composition	Fe-25Cr-20Ni-0.25N alloy
Density	8.1 g/cc
Particle shape	Irregular, angular
Size range	10-150 microns
Apparent density	Up to 50% of true density
Flowability	Moderate
Strength	Very high for a 300 series powder
Wear resistance	Excellent due to work hardening

310 powder is widely used in applications requiring hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance like valve parts, shafts, bearing cages, fasteners, surgical instruments etc. 310 Powder Composition Typical composition of 310 stainless steel powder: 310 Powder Composition

Element	Weight %
Iron (Fe)	Balance
Chromium (Cr)	24-26%
Nickel (Ni)	19-22%
Nitrogen (N)	0.2-0.4%
Carbon (C)	0.25% max
Silicon (Si)	1.5% max
Manganese (Mn)	2% max
Sulfur (S)	0.03% max
Phosphorus (P)	0.045% max

Iron provides the ferritic matrix and ductility Chromium and nickel enhance corrosion resistance Nitrogen provides solid solution strengthening Carbon, silicon, manganese controlled as tramp elements 310 Powder Physical Properties

Property	Values
Density	8.1 g/cc
Melting point	1370-1400°C
Electrical resistivity	0.8 μΩ-m
Thermal conductivity	12 W/mK
Thermal expansion	11 x 10^-6 /K
Maximum service temperature	1150°C

High density compared to ferritic stainless steels Maintains excellent strength at elevated temperatures Resistivity higher than pure iron or carbon steels Lower thermal conductivity than carbon steel Can withstand continuous service up to 1150°C The physical properties make 310 suitable for high temperature applications requiring hardness, strength and corrosion resistance. 310 Powder Mechanical Properties

Property	Values
Tensile strength	760-900 MPa
Yield strength	450-550 MPa
Elongation	35-40%
Hardness	32-38 HRC
Impact strength	50-100 J
Modulus of elasticity	190-210 GPa

Very high strength for 300 series stainless steel Excellent hardness and wear resistance High toughness and impact strength Strength can be further increased through cold working Cold working also significantly enhances hardness The properties provide an excellent combination of strength, hardness and toughness required in many wear resistant applications. 310 Powder Applications Typical applications of 310 stainless steel powder include: 310 Powder Applications

Industry	Example Uses
Petrochemical	Valves, pumps, shafts
Food processing	Extruder screws, blades
Automotive	Gears, shafts, fasteners
Manufacturing	Press tooling, bearing cages
Medical	Surgical instruments, implants

Some specific product uses: High strength fasteners, bolts, nuts Pump and valve components like seals, shafts Food processing extruder screws and blades High hardness press tooling and molds Mixing equipment, impellers requiring wear resistance Its excellent combination of properties make 310 widely used for specialized applications across industries. 310 Powder Specifications Relevant specifications and standards: 310 Powder Standards

Standard	Description
ASTM A276	Standard specification for stainless steel bars and shapes
ASTM A314	Standard for stainless steel bent pipe and tubing
ASME SA-479	Specification for stainless steel tubing
AMS 5517	Annealed corrosion resistant steel bar, wire, forgings
AMS 5903	Precipitation hardening stainless steel bar, wire, forgings

These standards define: Chemical composition limits of 310 alloy Permissible impurity levels like S, P Required mechanical properties Approved production methods Compliance testing protocols Proper packaging, labeling and documentation Meeting certification requirements ensures suitability of the powder. 310 Powder Particle Sizes 310 Powder Particle Size Distribution

Particle Size	Characteristics
10-45 microns	Ultrafine grade for high density and surface finish
45-150 microns	Coarse grade provides good flowability
15-150 microns	Standard grade for pressing and sintering

Finer particles allow greater densification during sintering Coarser powder flows better and fills die cavities uniformly Size range is tailored based on final part properties needed Both gas and water atomized powders are available Controlling particle size distribution allows optimizing processing behavior and final part performance. 310 Powder Apparent Density

Apparent Density	Details
Up to 50% of true density	For irregular powder morphology
4.5-5.5 g/cc typical	Improves with greater packing density

Higher apparent density improves powder flow and compressibility Irregular morphology limits maximum packing density Values up to 60% are possible with spherical powders High apparent density improves press filling efficiency Higher apparent density leads to better manufacturing productivity and part quality. 310 Powder Production Method

Method	Details
Gas atomization	High pressure inert gas breaks molten metal stream into fine droplets
Water atomization	High pressure water jet breaks metal into fine particles
Vacuum induction melting	High purity input materials melted under vacuum
Multiple remelting	Improves chemical homogenization
Sieving	Classifies powder into different particle size ranges

Gas atomization provides clean, spherical powder morphology Water atomization is a lower cost process with irregular particles Vacuum melting and remelting minimizes gaseous impurities Post-processing allows customization of particle sizes Automated production and stringent quality control result in consistent powder suitable for critical applications. 310 Powder Handling and Storage

Recommendation	Reason
Use PPE and ventilation	Avoid exposure to fine metallic particles
Ensure proper grounding	Prevent static discharge while handling
Avoid ignition sources	Powder can combust in oxygen atmosphere
Use non-sparking tools	Prevent possibility of ignition
Follow safety protocols	Reduce risk of burns, inhalation, ingestion
Store in stable containers	Prevent contamination or oxidation

As 310 powder is flammable, ignition and explosion risks should be controlled during handling and storage. Otherwise it is relatively safe with proper precautions. 310 Powder Inspection and Testing

Test	Details
Chemical analysis	ICP and XRF verify composition
Particle size distribution	Laser diffraction determines size distribution
Apparent density	Hall flowmeter test per ASTM B212 standard
Powder morphology	SEM imaging shows particle shape
Flow rate analysis	Gravity flow rate through specified nozzle
Loss on ignition	Determines residual moisture content

Stringent testing ensures the powder meets the required chemical purity, particle characteristics, density, morphology, and flowability per applicable specifications. 310 Powder Pros and Cons Advantages of 310 Powder Excellent strength and hardness for stainless steel powder High temperature strength and corrosion resistance Good ductility, toughness and weldability Excellent wear and abrasion resistance Readily work hardens significantly More cost-effective than high nickel or exotic alloys Disadvantages of 310 Powder Lower ductility than austenitic grades in annealed state Lower pitting corrosion resistance than 316 grade Requires care during welding to avoid sensitization Limited cold heading and forming capability Susceptible to sigma phase embrittlement at high temperatures Surface discoloration over time in some environments Comparison With 316L Powder 310 vs 316L Stainless Steel Powder

Parameter	310	316L
Density	8.1 g/cc	8.0 g/cc
Strength	760-900 MPa	485-550 MPa
Hardness	32-38 HRC	79-95 HRB
Corrosion resistance	Very good	Excellent
Cost	Low	High
Uses	Wear parts, tools	Chemical plants, marine

310 has far higher strength and hardness 316L provides better overall corrosion resistance 310 is more cost-effective than 316L 310 suited for applications needing hardness and wear resistance 316L preferred where corrosion is the primary concern 310 Powder FAQs Q: What are the main applications of 310 stainless steel powder? A: Main applications include high-strength fasteners, pump and valve components, extruder screws, press tooling, bearing cages, shafts, and surgical instruments requiring hardness, strength and wear resistance. Q: What is nitrogen’s role in 310 stainless steel? A: Nitrogen provides substantial solid solution strengthening which significantly increases the strength and hardness of 310 stainless steel. Q: What precautions are needed when working with 310 powder? A: Recommended precautions include ventilation, inert atmosphere, grounding, avoiding ignition sources, protective gear, using non-sparking tools, and safe storage in stable containers. Q: How does 310 stainless steel differ from 304 and 316 grades? A: 310 has much higher strength and hardness than 304 or 316 due to its high nitrogen content. It offers better wear resistance but lower corrosion resistance than 316.

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316L Powder

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316L Powder

Product	316L Powder
CAS No.	12597-68-1
Appearance	Metallic Gray Powder
Purity	≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available)
APS	1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range.
Ingredient	Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo
Density	7.99g/cm3
Molecular Weight	55.22g/mol
Product Codes	NCZ-DCY-349/25

316L Description:

316L Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.

316L Powder Related Information :

Storage Conditions: Airtight sealed, avoid light and keep dry at room temperature. Please contact us for customization and price inquiry Email: contact@nanochemazone.com Note: We supply different size ranges of Nano and micron as per the client’s requirements and also accept customization in various parameters. Best Stainless Steel 316L Powder for 3D Printing Stainless steel 316L powder is a versatile and widely used material in various industries. Its unique properties make it suitable for applications ranging from 3D printing to biomedical implants. In this article, we will explore the characteristics, uses, manufacturing process, and advantages of stainless steel 316L powder. Overview of Stainless Steel 316L Powder 316L stainless steel belongs to the austenitic class of stainless steels. The addition of 2-3% molybdenum along with nickel and chromium imparts excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in harsh environments. The ‘L’ denotes lower carbon content to avoid carbide precipitation during welding. Key characteristics of 316L powder include: Excellent corrosion resistance in harsh environments High oxidation and sulfidation resistance at elevated temperatures Very good weldability and formability Non-magnetic austenitic structure Available in range of particle size distributions 316L powder is suitable for applications requiring excellent corrosion resistance like chemical processing, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, marine equipment and biomedical implants. This article provides a detailed overview of 316L powder. Chemical Composition of 316L Powder

Element	Weight %
Iron (Fe)	Balance
Chromium (Cr)	16-18%
Nickel (Ni)	10-14%
Molybdenum (Mo)	2-3%
Manganese (Mn)	≤ 2%
Silicon (Si)	≤ 1%
Carbon (C)	≤ 0.03%
Phosphorus (P)	≤ 0.045%
Sulfur (S)	≤ 0.03%

Properties of 316L Powder

Property	Value
Density	7.9-8.1 g/cm3
Melting Point	1370-1400°C
Thermal Conductivity	16 W/mK
Electrical Resistivity	0.75 μΩ.cm
Young’s Modulus	190-210 GPa
Poisson’s Ratio	0.27-0.30
Tensile Strength	485-620 MPa
Yield Strength	170-310 MPa
Elongation	40-50%
Hardness	79-95 HRB

316L offers excellent corrosion resistance combined with good formability and weldability. The austenitic structure provides good toughness and ductility. Production Method for 316L Powder Common production methods for 316L powder include: Gas Atomization – Inert gas jets disintegrate molten 316L alloy stream into fine spherical powders with controlled size distribution. Water Atomization – High pressure water jet impacts and disintegrates molten metal to produce fine irregular powder particles. Mechanical Alloying – Ball milling of blended elemental powders followed by sintering and secondary atomization. Gas atomization allows excellent control over particle characteristics like size, shape, oxygen pickup and microstructure. Applications of 316L Powder Typical applications of 316L powder include: Additive Manufacturing – Powder bed fusion, binder jetting processes use 316L powder for chemical, marine, biomedical parts. Metal Injection Molding – To manufacture small, complex components needing corrosion resistance. Thermal Spray Coatings – Wire arc spray deposition to produce protective coatings in harsh environments. Welding Consumables – Used as filler material for joining 316L components providing excellent weld strength. Chemical Processing – Powder metallurgy vessels, trays, baskets used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Specifications of 316L Powder 316L powder is available under different size ranges, shapes and purity levels: Particle Size: From 10-45 μm for AM methods, up to 150 μm for thermal spray processes. Morphology: Spherical, irregular and blended particle shapes. Smooth spherical powder provides optimal flow. Purity: From commercial to high purity (99.9%) tailored to application requirements. Oxygen Content: Levels maintained at 100-1000 ppm for most applications. Flow Rate: Powder customized for flow rates above 25 s/50 g. Storage and Handling of 316L Powder 316L powder should be handled with care to: Prevent contact with moisture, acids etc. leading to corrosion Avoid fine powder accumulation to minimize risk of dust explosions Use proper ventilation, PPE when handling fine powders Follow recommended practices from supplier SDS Store sealed containers in a dry, inert atmosphere Proper protective measures must be taken when handling reactive alloy powders like 316L. Inspection and Testing of 316L Powder Key quality control tests performed on 316L powder: Chemical analysis using OES or XRF to ensure composition is within specified limits Particle size distribution as per ASTM B822 standard Morphology analysis through SEM imaging Powder flow rate measured as per ASTM B213 standard Density determination by helium pycnometry Impurity testing by ICP-MS Microstructure characterization by X-ray diffraction Thorough testing ensures the powder meets the required chemical, physical and microstructural characteristics for the intended application. Comparison Between 316L and 304L Stainless Steel Powders 316L and 304L stainless steel powders compared:

Parameter	316L	304L
Composition	Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo	Fe-Cr-Ni
Corrosion resistance	Much better	Good
Cost	Higher	Lower
Temperature resistance	Better	Good
Weldability	Excellent	Excellent
Availability	Moderate	Excellent
Applications	Marine, chemical industry	Consumer products, appliances

316L offers substantially better corrosion resistance whereas 304L is more economical for less demanding applications. 316L Powder FAQs Q: How is 316L stainless steel powder produced? A: 316L powder is commercially produced using gas atomization, water atomization and mechanical alloying followed by sintering. Gas atomization offers the best control of powder characteristics. Q: What are the main applications of 316L powder? A: Key applications for 316L powder include additive manufacturing, metal injection molding, thermal spray coatings, and powder metallurgy parts for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical and food industries needing excellent corrosion resistance. Q: What is the recommended 316L powder size for binder jetting AM? A: For binder jetting process, the typical 316L powder size range is 20-45 microns with spherical morphology for optimal powder bed density and binder infiltration. Q: Does 316L powder require special handling precautions? A: Yes, 316L is a reactive alloy powder and should be handled carefully under controlled humidity and inert atmosphere using proper grounding, ventilation and PPE. Q: Where can I buy 316L powder suitable for biomedical implants? A: High purity, gas atomized 316L powder meeting biomedical specifications can be purchased from leading manufacturer.

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317L Powder

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317L Powder

Product	317L Powder
CAS No.	12597-68-1
Appearance	Metallic Gray Powder
Purity	≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available)
APS	1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range.
Ingredient	Fe-18Cr-12Ni-3Mo
Density	7.9g/cm3
Molecular Weight	N/A
Product Codes	NCZ-DCY-341/25

317L Description:

317L Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.

317L Powder Related Information:

Properties	Details
Composition	Fe-18Cr-3Mo-0.08C alloy
Density	8.0 g/cc
Particle shape	Irregular, angular
Size range	10-150 microns
Apparent density	Up to 50% of true density
Flowability	Moderate
Corrosion resistance	Excellent in many environments
Strengthening	Cold working and solid solution strengthening

317L powder is widely used in chemical processing, marine applications, pulp and paper industry, nuclear power generation, and architectural features needing weathering resistance. 317L Powder Composition

Element	Weight %
Iron (Fe)	Balance
Chromium (Cr)	17-19%
Nickel (Ni)	11-15%
Molybdenum (Mo)	2.5-3.5%
Manganese (Mn)	<2%
Carbon (C)	0.08% max
Silicon (Si)	1% max
Nitrogen (N)	0.10% max
Sulfur (S)	0.03% max

Iron provides the ferritic matrix and ductility Chromium enhances corrosion and oxidation resistance Nickel stabilizes the austenitic structure Molybdenum further improves pitting resistance Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur controlled as tramp elements 317L Powder Physical Properties

Property	Values
Density	8.0 g/cc
Melting point	1370-1400°C
Electrical resistivity	0.8 μΩ-m
Thermal conductivity	16 W/mK
Thermal expansion	16 x 10^-6 /K
Maximum service temperature	900°C

High density compared to ferritic stainless steels Maintains strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures Resistivity higher than pure iron or carbon steels Lower thermal conductivity than carbon steel Can withstand continuous service up to 900°C The physical properties make 317L suitable for high temperature applications requiring corrosion resistance. 317L Powder Mechanical Properties

Property	Values
Tensile strength	515-620 MPa
Yield strength	205-275 MPa
Elongation	40-50%
Hardness	88-95 HRB
Impact strength	100-150 J
Modulus of elasticity	190-210 GPa

Excellent combination of strength and ductility Can be work hardened significantly to increase strength Very high toughness and impact strength Strength can be further improved through cold working Hardness is relatively low in annealed condition The properties provide an excellent balance of strength, ductility and toughness required for many corrosive environments. 317L Powder Applications

Industry	Example Uses
Chemical	Tanks, valves, pipes, pumps
Petrochemical	Process equipment, tubing, valves
Marine	Propeller shafts, fasteners, deck hardware
Nuclear	Reactor vessels, fuel element cladding
Architectural	Railings, wall panels, roofing

Some specific product uses: Pollution control equipment handling hot acids Nuclear reactor internal structures Marine propeller shafts, deck fittings Pulp and paper industry piping, valves Architectural paneling, roofing, cladding Its excellent corrosion resistance combined with good manufacturability make 317L widely used across demanding industries. 317L Powder Standards

Standard	Description
ASTM A276	Standard for stainless steel bars and shapes
ASTM A479	Standard for stainless steel tubing
AMS 5524	Annealed stainless steel bar, wire, forgings
ASME SA-276	Specification for stainless steel bars and shapes
AISI 630	Standard for 17Cr-4Ni precipitation hardening stainless steel

These standards define: Chemical composition limits of 317L alloy Permissible impurity levels like S, P Required mechanical properties Approved production methods Compliance testing protocols Proper packaging, labeling and documentation Meeting certification requirements ensures suitability of the powder for the intended applications. 317L Powder Particle Sizes

Particle Size	Characteristics
10-45 microns	Ultrafine grade for high density and surface finish
45-150 microns	Coarse grade provides good flowability
15-150 microns	Standard grade for pressing and sintering

Apparent Density	Details
Up to 50% of true density	For irregular powder morphology
4.5-5.5 g/cc typical	Improves with greater packing density

Higher apparent density improves powder flow and compressibility Irregular morphology limits maximum packing density Values up to 60% are possible with spherical powder High apparent density improves press filling efficiency Higher apparent density leads to better manufacturing productivity and part quality. 317L Powder Production Method

Method	Details
Gas atomization	High pressure inert gas breaks molten metal stream into fine droplets
Water atomization	High pressure water jet breaks metal into fine particles
Vacuum induction melting	High purity input materials melted under vacuum
Multiple remelting	Improves chemical homogenization
Sieving	Classifies powder into different particle size ranges

Recommendation	Reason
Use PPE and ventilation	Avoid exposure to fine metallic particles
Ensure proper grounding	Prevent static discharge while handling
Avoid ignition sources	Powder can combust in oxygen atmosphere
Use non-sparking tools	Prevent possibility of ignition
Follow safety protocols	Reduce risk of burns, inhalation, ingestion
Store in stable containers	Prevent contamination or oxidation

As 317L powder is flammable, ignition and explosion risks should be controlled during handling and storage. Otherwise it is relatively safe with proper precautions. 317L Powder Inspection and Testing

Test	Details
Chemical analysis	ICP and XRF verify composition
Particle size distribution	Laser diffraction determines size distribution
Apparent density	Hall flowmeter test per ASTM B212 standard
Powder morphology	SEM imaging shows particle shape
Flow rate analysis	Gravity flow rate through specified nozzle
Loss on ignition	Determines residual moisture content

Stringent testing ensures the powder meets the required chemical purity, particle characteristics, density, morphology, and flowability per applicable specifications. 317L Powder Pros and Cons Advantages of 317L Powder Excellent corrosion resistance in many environments High temperature strength and oxidation resistance Good ductility, toughness and weldability More cost-effective than high nickel austenitic grades Readily formable using conventional techniques Can be work hardened through cold/warm working Disadvantages of 317L Powder Lower high temperature creep strength than some ferritic grades Lower hardness and wear resistance than martensitic grades Susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking Requires post weld annealing to prevent sensitization Limited cold heading and forming capability Surface discoloration over time in outdoor exposure Comparison With 316L Powder 317L vs 316L Stainless Steel Powder

Parameter	317L	316L
Density	8.0 g/cc	8.0 g/cc
Strength	515-620 MPa	485-550 MPa
Corrosion resistance	Excellent	Outstanding
Pitting resistance	Very good	Excellent
Cost	Low	High
Uses	Process industry, marine	Chemical, pharmaceutical

317L provides higher strength at lower cost 316L offers better pitting corrosion resistance 317L has good chloride stress corrosion resistance 316L preferred for ultra-corrosive environments 317L suited for marine applications and nuclear industry 317L Powder FAQs Q: What are the main applications of 317L stainless steel powder? A: Main applications include chemical processing, petrochemical, marine, nuclear, pulp & paper, and architectural. It is used for equipment like tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, shafts, and cladding. Q: What precautions should be taken when handling 317L powder? A: Recommended precautions include ventilation, grounding, avoiding ignition sources, using non-sparking tools, protective gear, safe storage, and controlling dust exposure. Q: How does molybdenum improve the corrosion resistance of 317L? A: Molybdenum enhances pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in chloride environments. It stabilizes the passive film protecting the surface. Q: What is the main difference between 304L and 317L stainless steel powder? A: 317L contains 3% molybdenum giving it significantly better corrosion resistance compared to 304L, especially in marine and other chloride environments.

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D2 Powder

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D2 Powder

Product	D2 Powder
CAS No.	7782-39-0
Appearance	White-Off White Powder
Purity	≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available)
APS	1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range.
Ingredient	C28H44O2
Density	7.7g/cm3
Molecular Weight	N/A
Product Codes	NCZ-DCY-350/25

D2 Description:

D2 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing.

D2 Powder Related Information :

Properties	Details
Composition	Fe-1.5Cr-0.3C-0.4V-1Mo alloy
Density	7.7 g/cc
Particle shape	Spherical or irregular
Size range	10-150 microns
Apparent density	Up to 60% of true density
Flowability	Good
Hardness	60-62 HRC when heat treated
Toughness	Very good

D2’s exceptional combination of hardness, strength, and impact resistance make it the top choice for cold work tooling needing extended service life. D2 Powder Composition

Element	Weight %
Iron (Fe)	Balance
Chromium (Cr)	11-13%
Carbon (C)	1.4-1.6%
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.75-1.2%
Vanadium (V)	0.7-1.2%
Manganese (Mn)	0.3-0.6%
Silicon (Si)	0.15-0.4%

Iron provides the ferritic matrix Chromium contributes to hardness and wear resistance Carbon enables high hardness in heat treated condition Molybdenum and vanadium form carbides enhancing wear resistance Manganese and silicon improve solid solution strengthening D2 Powder Physical Properties

Property	Value
Density	7.7 g/cc
Melting point	1460-1500°C
Thermal conductivity	21 W/mK
Electrical resistivity	0.7 μΩ-m
Curie temperature	1010°C
Maximum service temperature	180-200°C

High density provides component miniaturization capabilities Retains high hardness and strength at elevated temperatures Becomes paramagnetic above Curie point Relatively low service temperature due to tempering effect The properties allow D2 to be used in cold work tooling applications at high hardness levels. D2 Powder Mechanical Properties

Property	Value
Hardness	60-62 HRC
Transverse rupture strength	1900-2100 MPa
Tensile strength	2050-2200 MPa
Yield strength	1700-1900 MPa
Elongation	8-11%
Impact toughness	12-15 J/cm2

Exceptional hardness when heat treated Very high strength with reasonable ductility Excellent impact toughness for a tool steel High fatigue strength for extended tool life Strength and ductility values depend on heat treatment The properties make D2 suitable for the most demanding cold work tooling and die applications requiring extreme wear resistance. D2 Powder Applications

Industry	Example Uses
Manufacturing	Press tooling, punch and dies
Automotive	Blank, pierce, trim, and forming dies
Aerospace	Forming dies, fixtures
Consumer goods	Razors, knives, scissors
Industrial	Drawing dies, thread rolling dies

Some specific product uses: Cold heading dies for fastener manufacturing Coining dies for minting precise parts Thread rolling dies for bolt production Draw, punch, blanking dies across sectors Surgical tools and cutlery Pelletizing tooling D2 is the premier powder metal tool steel preferred for the longest lasting cold work tooling, metal forming dies, and precision components across all industries. D2 Powder Standards

Standard	Description
ASTM A681	Standard for tool steels alloys
DIN 1.2379	Equivalent to AISI D2
JIS G 4404	Cold work tool steels
ISO 4957	Tool steels
GOST 5950	Tool steel grades

These define: Chemical composition limits of D2 steel Required mechanical properties in heat treated condition Permissible impurities Approved production methods like gas atomization Compliance testing protocols Packaging, identification requirements D2 powder made to these specifications ensures suitability for tooling applications requiring maximum wear resistance, impact toughness and dimensional stability. D2 Powder Particle Sizes

Particle Size	Characteristics
10-22 microns	Ultrafine grade provides highest density
22-53 microns	Most commonly used size range
53-105 microns	Coarser size provides good flowability

Finer particles allow greater densification during sintering Coarser particles improve powder flow into die cavities Size is selected based on final part properties needed Both gas and water atomized particles used Controlling size distribution optimizes pressing behavior, sintered density, and final component performance. D2 Powder Apparent Density

Apparent Density	Details
Up to 60% of true density	For spherical powder morphology
4.5-5.5 g/cc typical	Higher density improves flow and compressibility

Spherical powder shape provides high apparent density Irregular powder has lower density around 50% Higher apparent density improves press fill efficiency Enables easier compaction into complex tool geometries Higher apparent density leads to better manufacturing productivity and component quality. D2 Powder Production Method

Method	Details
Gas atomization	High pressure inert gas breaks up molten alloy stream into fine droplets
Vacuum induction melting	High purity input materials melted under vacuum
Multiple remelting	Enhances chemical homogeneity
Sieving	Classifies powder into different particle size fractions

Gas atomization provides spherical powder shape Vacuum melting eliminates gaseous impurities Multiple remelting improves uniformity Post-processing allows particle size customization Fully automated processes combined with strict quality control ensures reliable and consistent properties of D2 powder critical for tooling performance. D2 Powder Handling and Storage

Recommendation	Reason
Ensure adequate ventilation	Prevent exposure to fine metal particles
Wear protective gear	Avoid accidental ingestion
Ground all equipment	Prevent static sparks
Avoid ignition sources	Flammable dust risk
Use non-sparking tools	Prevent ignition during handling
Follow safe protocols	Reduce fire, explosion, and health risks

Storage Recommendations Store sealed containers in a cool, dry area Limit exposure to moisture, acids, chlorides Maintain temperatures below 27°C Proper precautions during handling and storage help preserve purity and prevent health or fire hazards. D2 Powder Inspection and Testing

Test	Details
Chemical analysis	Verifies composition using optical or ICP spectroscopy
Particle size distribution	Determines sizes using laser diffraction or sieving
Apparent density	Measured using Hall flowmeter as per ASTM B212
Powder morphology	SEM imaging to determine particle shape
Flow rate analysis	Gravity flow rate through specified funnel
Tap density test	Density measured after mechanically tapping powder sample

Testing ensures the powder meets the required chemical composition, physical characteristics, particle size distribution, morphology, density, and flow rate specifications. D2 Powder Pros and Cons Advantages of D2 Powder Exceptional hardness when heat treated Excellent wear and abrasion resistance Very high strength combined with good impact toughness Dimensional stability in cold work service Good grindability compared to other tool steels Relatively cost-effective Limitations of D2 Powder Moderate corrosion resistance without surface treatment Limited high temperature strength and creep resistance Requires careful heat treatment by experienced providers Not weldable using conventional welding methods Large sections can experience embrittlement Brittle fracture mode limits cold formability Comparison With S7 Tool Steel Powder D2 vs S7 Tool Steel Powder

Parameter	D2	S7
Hardness	60-62 HRC	63-65 HRC
Toughness	Very good	Good
Wear resistance	Excellent	Outstanding
Corrosion resistance	Moderate	Low
Cold strength	Excellent	Very good
Cost	Low	High

D2 has slightly lower hardness but much better toughness S7 provides the maximum wear resistance D2 has better corrosion resistance uncoated S7 has higher hot hardness and hot strength D2 is more cost effective D2 Powder FAQs Q: What are the main applications of D2 tool steel powder? A: Main applications include cold pressing tooling, blanking and punching dies, coin minting dies, thread rolling dies, surgical tools, knives, industrial knives, and precision ground shafts and pins. Q: What heat treatment is used for D2 tool steel powder? A: D2 is typically heat treated by austenitizing at 1010-1040°C, quenching in oil or air, and tempering at 150-350°C to achieve a hardness of 60-62 HRC. Q: How does vanadium improve the properties of D2 steel? A: Vanadium forms fine carbides with iron and chromium that impart significant wear resistance and abrasion resistance while also enhancing impact toughness. Q: What precautions should be taken when working with D2 powder? A: Recommended precautions include ventilation, inert atmosphere, avoiding ignition sources, grounding equipment, using non-sparking tools, protective gear, and safe storage away from moisture or contamination.

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M2 Powder

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M2 Powder

Product	M2 Powder
CAS No.	N/A
Appearance	Gray Powder
Purity	≥99%, ≥99.9%, ≥95%(Other purities are also available)
APS	1-5 µM, 10-53 µM (Can be customized), Ask for other available size range.
Ingredient	Fe-C-Cr-Mo-W-V
Density	N/A
Molecular Weight	N/A
Product Codes	NCZ-DCY-254/25

M2 Description:

M2 Powder is one of the numerous advanced ceramic materials manufactured by Nanochemazone. Nanochemazone produces too many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information are available. Please request a quote above for more information on lead time and pricing

M2 Powder Related Information :

Element	Weight %	Purpose
Tungsten	6.0 – 6.8	Hardness, wear resistance
Molybdenum	4.8 – 5.5	Toughness, strength
Chromium	3.8 – 4.5	Hardening, wear resistance
Vanadium	1.9 – 2.2	Hardening, wear resistance
Carbon	0.78 – 0.88	Hardening
Manganese	0.15 – 0.45	Hardening
Silicon	0.15 – 0.45	Deoxidizer

The high tungsten, molybdenum and chromium content impart excellent hardness and wear resistance. Properties of M2 Powder

Property	Description
Hardness	64 – 66 HRC when heat treated
Wear resistance	Excellent abrasion and erosion resistance
Toughness	Higher than tungsten carbide grades
Compressive strength	Up to 300 ksi
Heat resistance	Can be used up to 600°C
Corrosion resistance	Better than plain carbon steels

The properties make M2 suitable for durable cutting, stamping and forming tooling. AM Process Parameters for M2 Powder

Parameter	Typical value	Purpose
Layer height	20-50 μm	Resolution versus build speed
Laser power	250-500 W	Sufficient melting without evaporation
Scan speed	400-1200 mm/s	Density versus production rate
Hatch spacing	80-120 μm	Mechanical properties
Support structure	Minimal	Easy removal
Hot isostatic pressing	1160°C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs	Eliminate porosity

Parameters tailored for density, microstructure, build rate and post-processing requirements. Applications of 3D Printed M2 Tooling

Industry	Tooling applications
Automotive	Stamping dies, forming tools, fixtures
Aerospace	Jigs, fixtures, trim tools
Appliances	Punches, blanking dies, bending dies
Consumer goods	Injection molds, stamping dies
Medical	Cutting tools, rasps, drill guides

Benefits over traditionally processed M2 tooling include complexity, lead time and cost reduction. Specifications of M2 Powder for AM M2 powder must meet strict specifications:

Parameter	Specification
Particle size range	15-45 μm typical
Particle shape	Spherical morphology
Apparent density	> 4 g/cc
Tap density	> 6 g/cc
Hall flow rate	> 23 sec for 50 g
Purity	>99.9%
Oxygen content	<300 ppm

Custom size distributions and controlled moisture levels available. Handling and Storage of M2 Powder As a reactive material, careful M2 powder handling is essential: Store sealed containers away from moisture, sparks, ignition sources Use inert gas padding during transfer and storage Ground equipment to dissipate static charges Avoid dust accumulation through extraction systems Follow applicable safety precautions Proper techniques ensure optimal powder condition. Inspection and Testing of M2 Powder

Method	Parameters Tested
Sieve analysis	Particle size distribution
SEM imaging	Particle morphology
EDX	Chemistry and composition
XRD	Phases present
Pycnometry	Density
Hall flow rate	Powder flowability

Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency. Comparing M2 to Alternative Tool Steel Powders M2 compares to other tool steel alloys as:

Alloy	Wear Resistance	Toughness	Cost	Ease of Processing
M2	Excellent	Good	Medium	Fair
H13	Good	Excellent	Low	Excellent
S7	Excellent	Fair	High	Difficult
420 stainless	Poor	Excellent	Low	Excellent

With its balanced properties, M2 supersedes alternatives for many wear-resistant tooling applications. Pros and Cons of M2 Powder for Metal AM

Pros	Cons
Excellent hardness and wear resistance	Lower toughness than cold work tool steels
Good heat resistance and thermal stability	Required post-processing like HIP and heat treatment
Established credentials for metal AM	Controlled atmosphere storage required
Cost advantage over exotic tool steels	Difficult to machine after printing
Properties match conventional M2	Limited corrosion resistance

M2 enables high wear resistance additive tooling, though not suitable for highly corrosive environments. Frequently Asked Questions about M2 Powder Q: What particle size range works best for printing M2 powder? A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides optimal powder flowability combined with high resolution and dense parts. Q: What post-processing methods are used for M2 AM parts? A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, surface grinding/EDM, and shot peening are typically used to eliminate voids, harden, and finish parts. Q: Which metal 3D printing process is ideal for M2 alloy? A: M2 can be effectively printed using selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) processes. Q: What accuracy and surface finish can be expected for M2 printed parts? A: Post-processed M2 components can achieve dimensional tolerances and surface finish comparable to CNC machined M2 tooling. Q: What industries use additively manufactured M2 tooling components? A: Automotive, aerospace, medical, consumer goods, appliances, and industrial sectors benefit from 3D printed M2 tooling. Q: What is the key difference between M2 and M4 grades of high speed steel? A: M4 has slightly lower vanadium and molybdenum content leading to a better combination of wear resistance and toughness compared to M2. Q: Does M2 require support structures when 3D printing? A: Minimal supports are recommended on overhangs and bridges to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing. Q: What density can be expected with optimized M2 3D printed parts? A: Density above 99% is achievable for M2 using ideal parameters tailored specifically for this alloy. Q: What defects can occur when printing M2 powder? A: Potential defects are cracking, distortion, porosity, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented through optimized parameters. Q: Is HIP required for all M2 AM tooling components? A: While highly recommended, HIP may not be absolutely necessary for non-critical tooling applications. Heat treatment alone may suffice.

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